Answers of 2074 (Gregor Mendel and Genetics)
2. Austrian
3. German-speaking
4. Gregor Mendel
5. The three laws of Mendel are called Mendel's Laws of Inheritance. These are: Law of Segregation, Law of Dominance & Law of Independent Assortment
6. On 6 January 1884
7. 61 years
8. During gamete formation, the alleles for each gene segregate from each other so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene.
9. Genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes.
10. Some alleles are dominant while others are recessive, an organism with at least one dominant allele will display the effect of the dominant allele.
11. Gene
12. Genetics is the study of inheritance including transmission of hereditary characters from parents to their offspring.
13. A gene is a small segment of DNA in a chromosome where hereditary information is stored.
14. A Chromosome is a packaged & organized structure containing most of the DNA of a living organism. Man contains 23 pairs of chromosomes.
15. Sex-Chromosome is the 23rd pair of a chromosome which determines the sex of an organism. In females it consists of two similar chromosomes (XX), but in males it differs (XY).
16. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) is a molecule that carries most of the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning & reproduction of all living organisms.
17. Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule implicated in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation & expression of genes.
18. Nucleotides are the structural units of DNA & RNA.
19. Heredity is the passing of traits from parents to their offspring through reproduction.
20. Inheritance is the process by which characters are transmitted from parents to offspring.
21. The allele which is unable to express in heterozygous condition is said to be recessive.
22. The allele which masks the appearance of other allele in heterozygous condition is said to be dominant.
23. Mutation is a natural process that changes a DNA sequence.
24. Variation is any difference between cells, individual organisms or groups of organisms of any species caused either by genotypic variation or phenotypic variation.
25. Genome is the total amount of genetic material in a total chromosome set of an individual.
26. Diploid contains two complete sets of chromosomes.
27. Haploid have half the number of chromosomes.
28. Color-blindness, Haemophilia, Sickle Cell Anaemia, Diabetes Mellitus (Sugar) etc
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